Causes for tall stature and obesity

Tall stature and obesity

What is tall stature ?

Tall stature is accurately estimated by growth curves , in growth curve tall stature is above 95^th percentile .

What are the causes of tall stature ?

There are 2 types of tall stature to be considered proportionate and disproportionate .

Proportionate tall stature is mainly

What is precocious puberty ?

Precocious puberty

Definition : Puberty at an age earlier than 8 years in females and 9 years in males .

There are 2 types of precocious puberty , true precocious puberty and pseudo precocious puberty .

True precocious puberty :

What is puberty

3 main events in puberty

Puberty is a period of life in which there is morphologlical and physiological changes in males and females in this period males and females is shifted to an adult stage from an infantile stage .

Age of onset of puberty :

Age of onset varies according to nutrition , socioeconomic status , racial and genetic

Causes of small head in babies .

Causes of small head in children (Microcephaly )

Causes of microcephaly is related closely to mental retardation , as in mental retardation the brain is not growing well and this leads to small head microcephaly .

A-        Genetic causes

1- Autosomal dominant

2- Autosomal recessive

3- Syndromes like Down Syndrome – Edwards Syndrome – cri du chat syndrome .

What is delayed puberty causes ?

Delayed puberty

What is delayed puberty ?

The puberty is delayed when the puberty is delayed to 13 years in females and 14 years in males .

problems of preterm infant ( complications of prematurity )

Usually preterm infants are liable to many problems respiratory , cardiac , etc...... . This makes it is hard to deal with a preterm baby in the medical issue . 

 

1- Respiratory : 

- Respiratory distress syndrome is the major problem in the premature

What is moro reflex , when it diseppears ?

Moro reflex is one of the simple reflexes that can be made by the examiner or by the mother , the question here is what positive or negative moro reflex means , how it is done ? . First I will begin with the stimulus ( action made stimulate the appearance of moro reflex in the child . 

Failure to thrive ( When the baby is not growing well ? )

In many occasions babies are not growing well especially in the first year , which is the period of growth . There are many causes babies are not growing well in this topic I will mark the most common causes for that . There are 2 groups of causes babies are not growing well , first is non organic causes ( meaning that there are no diseases ) and this is the condition in about 95% in babies , the second one is organic here the babies have certain disease in 5% only . 

When and how to begin weaning ? and what types of food to introduce in weaning ?, How to start weaning ?

When and how to begin weaning ? 

The age of 4-6 months is ideal to begin weaning as :

1- iron stores of the baby become depleted at this age 

2- Caloric intake of breast milk alone is not sufficient . 

3- Digestive enzymes of the baby become mature

Factors indicating adequate breast feeding and minor problems with Breast feeding and its mangement .

Indicators of adequate breast feeding 

For the mother :

- Marked filling before breast feeding ( indicate good breast filling ) . 

- Let down sensation ( milk flow from one breast while nursing from the other ) .