How to know that your child is diabetic clinically ?

The are many manifestations and signs in any diabetic patient , the age of the biabetic child to be manifested clinicaly is usually at the early school age and rare before that , which is called the type 1 diabetes mellitus or insulin dependent diabetes mellitus ( as the treatment is essentially insulin ) . From those

How to deal with any febrile patient at home ?

There are certain steps which we should follow in managing the febrile patient at home , as most of the patient will not need to be admitted to the hospital , most of the patients will be managed at home.

1-Bed rest is an important initial

Disadvantages of breast feeding

Disadvantages of breast feeding

Considering the above title there is no agreement about if there are actual disadvantages or side effects to breast feeding in general , but we can consider a group of risk factors that is associated with breast feeding :

1-Transmission of infections as the

Factors produce and Eject Breast milk and reflexes .

Factors produce and Eject Breast milk and reflexes .

The process of breast feeding is controlled by hormone and reflexes that regulate and control the breast feeding process .

FACTORS INCREASING THE PRODUCTION OF THE BREAST MILK :

1- Prolactin: is hormone from the anterior pituitary having receptors in the glands of the breast stimulates the production of milk 

2- Breast evacuation : stimulates the receptors for milk production , when the baby evacuates the mother's breast .

FACTORS THAT CONTROL THE EJECTION OF MILK :

1- oxytocin : from the posterior pituitary helps in ejection process 

 2- Suckling reflex : which may be psychological factor and also reflex at the same time , but it is proved it is the main factor that triggers milk ejection .

LET DOWN REFLEX :

Responsible for releasing of the milk in response to oxytocin.

Factors stimulating is : - Hearing the baby cry and thinking of the act 

                                     - Suckling reflex 

Factors that inhibit it is : fatigue , anxiety and stress .

Program of Brest feeding ( onset , pattern , duration ), clostrum and mature milk

There are certain important tips to achieve good and effective breast feeding 

ONSET : 

Breast feeding should start from the first day as early as possible , immediate after delivery the baby must be given to the mother for breast feeding . 

PATTERN :

The concept which must e respected here is that breast feeding is related to demand , once the baby demanded the mother should reply , average times per day is 8-10 times per day . Scheduling feeding is not preferred ( feeding on regular intervals ) , as it affects the flow of the milk. 

DURATION OF BREAST FEEDING :

An infant less than 6 months should be exclusively beast fed ( only breast milk ) . Starting from the 6 month weening should start with completion of breast feeding for 1 year or more . 

STAGES OF LACTATION ( COMPOSITION OF BREAST MILK AND STAGES OF ITS PRODUCTION) 

1-Colostrum : it is the earliest milk from the mother which is about 60 ml/day these amount is low but no other formulas or extras should be given. Colostrum is secreted in the first 2-3 days high in proteins and immunoglobulins and lower in fat and carbohydrates .

2- Transition milk : it starts 5-7 days after delivery ( after colostrum ) , and continues for about 2 weeks and it is midway between the clostrum and the mature milk . 

3- Mature milk : is the milk after the previous 2 stages and contains 87% water to meet the needs of the baby .